The federal adoption tax credit is a provision of federal tax law that permits you to gain a tax credit for qualified adoption expenses. The cap was $10,000 when the law was first created but it has increased over time. It is now $12,500. While an adoption does not have to finalize in order to take the credit (such as if you spend money on a prospective adoption but it fails), but you can only take the credit once per adopted child OR adoption effort. In the past, the credit could only be used to offset taxes due, but for 2010 and 2011, it is a refundable credit, which means that even someone with zero income can take the credit and get cash back from the government.
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